As an important non-metallic mineral resource, fluorite ore is widely used in chemical industry, metallurgy, building materials and other fields. Since fluorite ore often coexists with quartz, calcite, barite and other minerals, flotation has become the main beneficiation method to improve the quality of fluorite concentrate. In the fluorite ore flotation process, choosing the right flotation reagent is crucial to improving the quality and recovery rate of fluorite ore concentrate.
Fluorite ore flotation collectors are usually used after the pH value of the pulp is adjusted to an appropriate range. The purpose is to enhance the hydrophobicity of the mineral surface, making it easier to attach to bubbles and be floated out. Commonly used collectors include fatty acids (such as oleic acid), hydrocarbon sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, tal oil, organic sulfonates and sulfates.
Fatty acid collectors are widely used in the flotation of medium and high-grade quartz fluorite ores due to their wide sources and low prices. However, they have poor selectivity, are not resistant to hard water, have poor solubility, and are not resistant to low temperatures. Therefore, they usually require heating treatment when used. Anionic synthetic collectors (such as alkyl sulfonates and alkyl sulfates) are suitable for complex fluorite ores or low-grade ores, while cationic collectors (such as dodecylamine) are particularly suitable for treating fluorite ores with associated silicate minerals. Modified fatty acid collector sodium oleate is suitable for calcite, quartz-barite, phlogopite and other fluorite ores; HS series collectors are suitable for fluorite flotation under acidic conditions; MG-2 collectors are suitable for quartz-calcite fluorite ores. In addition, for sulfide fluorite ores, sulfide minerals are usually first floated with collectors such as xanthate or black medicine, and then fluorite is floated from tailings with fatty acid collectors.
In fluorite ore flotation, inhibitors are mainly used to inhibit the floating of gangue minerals and improve the grade of fluorite concentrate. Common inhibitors include water glass, sodium hexametaphosphate, tannic acid, tannin, starch, dextrin, lignin sulfonate, etc.
In the flotation of quartz-type fluorite ore, water glass is often used as a quartz inhibitor to reduce the mixing of quartz concentrate. For calcite-type fluorite ore, since calcite and fluorite have similar physical and chemical properties, separation is more difficult. At this time, inhibitors such as water glass, salted water glass, and acidified water glass can be used to inhibit the flotation of calcite. For barite-type fluorite ore, lignin sulfonate, sodium fluoride, sodium silicate and other agents can be used to inhibit the flotation of barite.
The main function of pH adjuster is to adjust the pH value of the pulp to adapt to the ideal working conditions of different collectors and depressants. In fluorite flotation, commonly used pH adjusters include sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, lime, etc. Adjusting the pulp to alkaline is conducive to the flotation of fluorite. For example, in the flotation of quartz fluorite ore, using sodium carbonate as a pH adjuster can adjust the pH value of the pulp to 8-9, thereby improving the recovery rate of fluorite.
According to different types of fluorite ores and flotation conditions, the key to achieving efficient flotation and improving the quality and recovery rate of fluorite ore concentrate is to reasonably select the type and dosage of collectors, depressants and pH adjusters. Through scientific mineral processing test analysis, the appropriate fluorite ore flotation process and reagent combination can be determined, which can not only effectively improve resource utilization, but also effectively reduce environmental impact, and achieve a dual improvement in economic and environmental benefits.
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