In the beneficiation of quartz mineral, the separation of different mineral components and quartz is an important issue, which has a great influence on the purity of quartz concentrate. Mineral components commonly found in quartz mineral include mica, feldspar, iron-bearing minerals, and apatite. In this article we describe how the common mineral components in quartz mineral are separated.
In quartz ore, mica composed of layered structure exposes a large amount of anions on the surface after grinding and dissociation, which can be collected with cation traps within a wide range of pH values. Although mica mineral are similar to feldspar mineral, the flotation pH range is wide, so mica minerals can be selected first under strong acidic conditions.
The pharmaceutical system of mica mineral flotation separation is relatively simple. Generally, the pulp concentration can be adjusted to between 30% and 35%, dilute sulfuric acid is used for sizing treatment, and amine cation harvesting agent is used to complete the separation of mica, feldspar and quartz.
Quartz and feldspar are both shelf silicate minerals, similar in nature and structure, so it is difficult to separate. By using alkali metal ions, quartz can be effectively separated from feldspar.
Feldspar and quartz separation methods mainly include fluorine flotation methods and non-fluorine flotation methods. Fluorine flotation refers to the preferential flotation of cation collector under the strong acid and fluoride ion activation, and the key is to adjust the pH value of slurry solution. The non-fluorine flotation method is that under the condition of strong acid, the anionic collector dodecyl sulfonate and diamine cation collector are mixed, and the anion collector is complexed with the diamine collector adsorbed on the surface of feldspar to form co-adsorption and improve the hydrophobicity on the surface of feldspar.
There are many kinds of iron minerals in quartz ore, including pyrite, ilmenite, hematite, magnetite and so on. Its occurrence in various forms, some attached to the quartz surface in the form of iron oxide film, some in the form of mineral inclusions, some in the diffusion of quartz lattice or other minerals. In the process of separating iron-containing minerals from quartz, it is the key to determine the occurrence form of iron impurities and the distribution form in each grain level.
The common method of separating iron minerals is strong magnetic separation, which can remove the iron mineral after grinding. The scrubbing method can also remove the iron oxide films on the surface of the quartz particles. Acid washing is better for the removal of iron minerals. If the iron content is relatively high, use pickling.
Phosphorus in quartz mineral generally exists in the form of apatite, which can be recovered by fatty acid soap anion collector, such as sodium oleate, oxidized paraffin soap, tarr oil, etc. Because fatty acid traps have high environmental requirements on water quality, temperature and other conditions, the hydrophobic surface can be enhanced by adding heavy oil, kerosene and other mineral oil, which can obtain better harvesting effect. In addition, modified flotation agents can also be used to have a good effect on the separation of phosphate minerals.
The above are the separation methods of the four common mineral components in quartz mineral. In the actual production, the mineral components are more complex, and the selection of flotation agents and the flotation order are the key factors affecting the separation effect. It is necessary to analyze the beneficiation test and make the quartz mineral process plan in a scientific and reasonable way to avoid affecting the economic benefit of the concentrator.
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