Titanium zircon sand ore is an important mineral resource, mainly composed of coastal sand ore and inland sand ore, which is formed by natural weathering and enrichment. These ores are not only easy to mine, but also have high recovery value. This article will explore the beneficiation process of titanium zircon sand ore in depth, focusing on the process and equipment in the two stages of roughing and concentrating.
The beneficiation process of titanium zirconium sand ore is divided into two main stages: roughing and concentrating. The process design of each stage needs to be optimized according to the characteristics of the ore to ensure efficient separation and purification of valuable minerals.
Roughing is the first step in the beneficiation process. The purpose is to remove low-density gangue minerals according to the density difference of the minerals and obtain a mixed concentrate containing 90% heavy minerals.
1. Preparation
Before roughing, the ore needs to undergo preparation operations such as slag removal, screening, grading, desludging and concentration. These steps provide a good foundation for subsequent selection.
2. Roughing process
The roughing process usually uses mobile beneficiation equipment to adapt to the characteristics of the sand ore. Commonly used equipment includes:
- Cone concentrator: large processing capacity, suitable for ores with high heavy mineral content.
- Spiral concentrator: mostly used for further selection, or used in combination with roughing.
- Shaking table: although less used, it is still effective under certain conditions.
The roughing process is mainly divided into the separation of heavy minerals and gangue minerals. Through gravity differences, low-density gangue minerals are effectively removed, and heavy mineral mixed concentrates are retained as raw materials for subsequent selection.
Beneficiation is a key link in the beneficiation process, which aims to further separate and purify minerals with recycling value to meet the quality requirements of commercial concentrates. The beneficiation process is generally divided into two stages: wet and dry, and the dry method is usually the main one.
1. Beneficiation process
The wet process of beneficiation is mainly used to remove residual gangue minerals and improve the purity of minerals. Common wet processes include:
- Shaking table or spiral concentrator gravity separation: used to remove gangue minerals with low density and wash salt.
- Wet magnetic separation: pre-select some easy-to-select titanium concentrates to reduce the burden of subsequent dry selection.
- Chemical cleaning: use sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and other agents to remove mineral surface contamination and improve the beneficiation effect.
- Flotation method: specially used for the beneficiation of zircon and monazite.
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2. Dry separation
Dry separation relies on the physical properties of minerals (such as magnetism, conductivity and density) for separation. The process varies depending on the complexity of the mineral composition. The dry separation process for simple mineral compositions is relatively simple, while complex minerals require more complex processes.
Dry separation equipment
- Magnetic separator: separation is carried out based on the magnetism of minerals. Common types include disc, cross-belt and roller magnetic separators. In the dry separation process, weak magnetic separation is usually carried out first, followed by medium magnetic field magnetic separation to extract products such as ilmenite.
- Electrostatic separator: separation is carried out using the difference in conductivity of minerals. It is often used to separate rutile and zircon. Electrostatic separation can be carried out alternately with magnetic separation to enhance the separation effect.
The beneficiation process of titanium zircon sand ore not only pursues a high recovery rate, but also comprehensively considers economic benefits and environmental protection requirements. By optimizing the beneficiation process and equipment configuration, the comprehensive utilization rate of resources can be effectively improved and waste generation can be minimized.
The beneficiation process of titanium zircon sand ore is a complex and efficient system engineering, covering multiple links from rough selection to fine selection. By optimizing the process at different stages and combining the application of modern equipment, efficient resource recovery and high-quality product production can be ensured. In the future, with the advancement of technology, the beneficiation process of titanium zircon sand ore will be more efficient and environmentally friendly, promoting the sustainable development of the mining industry.
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