Amid increasing volatility in global iron ore prices, reducing costs and improving efficiency in ore dressing plants have become critical to corporate competitiveness. Drawing on advanced process practices and equipment selection data, this article explores how systematic design can help reduce the processing cost per ton of iron ore.
1. Three-Dimensional Layout
"Crushing–Screening–Dry Selection" Trinity Workshop Design: This innovative layout model closely integrates the three key stages of crushing, screening, and dry selection.
Simulating Material Flow with BIM Technology: The application of BIM technology enables accurate simulation of material flow throughout the entire mineral processing process. It helps the beneficiation plant optimize the vertical height difference between the crushing system and the grinding and selection system, thereby reducing energy consumption caused by secondary material lifting.
2. Terrain Energy Conversion Technology
Utilizing a 5°–8° natural slope to achieve gravity-driven slurry flow:
This design takes full advantage of the terrain, reducing dependence on pumping equipment and thereby lowering energy consumption and maintenance costs.
Innovative Stepwise Thickener Design:
The stepwise thickener leverages natural elevation differences to create a gravity-driven dewatering system. By arranging the thickeners in a stepped layout, the slurry undergoes stage-by-stage thickening and dewatering under gravity. This not only improves dewatering efficiency but also reduces reliance on additional dewatering equipment, further cutting down energy use and operational costs.
1. Crushing Process Design
Combination of high-pressure roller mill and two-stage closed-circuit crushing: This combined process enables stable control of the mill feed particle size to below 8 mm.
Compared with the traditional three-stage crushing process, it reduces the ball mill’s power consumption by 1.8 kWh/t.
2. Pre-selection and Waste Disposal
Dry magnetic separation after coarse crushing: After coarse crushing, 18%–25% of waste rock can be discarded through dry magnetic separation. This effectively reduces the amount of ore entering subsequent processing stages, thereby lowering overall mineral processing costs.
Wet pre-selection (magnetic separator + spiral chute combination): This combined process increases the ore grade by 5%–8%. By improving the feed grade, the quality of the final concentrate is enhanced, thus increasing the overall economic benefits for the enterprise.
3. Precise Control of the Grinding and Separation System
Two-stage grinding + three-stage separation: The first stage uses a grid type ball mill for coarse grinding and tailings removal, while the second stage employs a vertical mill for fine grinding. This process enables precise control of the grinding particle size based on the ore’s characteristics and processing requirements, thereby improving overall grinding efficiency.
1. Crushing Equipment
Cone Crusher: Equipped with PLC-controlled automatic discharge port adjustment, increasing the product qualification rate to 92%.
Impact Crusher: Capable of achieving 80% of product below 15 mm. This crusher performs well when processing ores within a specific particle size range and meets the particle size requirements of downstream processes.
2. Grinding System
Large Ball Mill: Compared with the small ball mill, the unit processing cost is reduced by 28%. Large-scale equipment effectively lowers unit costs when processing large ore volumes.
Cyclone Unit: Classification efficiency exceeds 85%. Efficient classification ensures that the grinding product meets the particle size requirements for subsequent separation, improving the overall mineral processing efficiency.
3. Technological Advancements in Separation Equipment
Full Magnetic System Magnetic Separator: With a background field strength of 0.8 T, it reduces tailings grade by 0.7 percentage points. High-intensity magnetic separators significantly enhance magnetic separation efficiency, lower tailings grade, and increase resource recovery.
Flotation Column + Mechanical Agitation Flotation Cell Combination: This integrated process reduces reagent consumption by 15%. Optimizing flotation equipment and processes helps cut reagent costs while improving flotation performance.
1. Deep Utilization of Tailings Value
Tailings Dry Stacking System(deep cone thickener + plate-and-frame filter press):
Capable of achieving tailings moisture content below 18%, meeting the requirements for construction aggregate production. This dry discharge system not only addresses tailings disposal challenges but also enables the conversion of tailings into valuable construction materials, thereby realizing resource recycling.
2. Closed-Loop Water Circulation Design
Plant-front Return Water System (inclined tube sedimentation + high-gradient magnetic separation):
Reduces fresh water consumption to as low as 0.15 m³/t. This efficient return water system maximizes water recovery and utilization, reduces dependence on new water, and lowers production costs.
Rainwater Collection Pool with a Capacity Equivalent to Three Days of Water Use:
Effectively responds to extreme weather conditions to ensure continuous production. The implementation of a rainwater collection system increases water reserves and enhances the ore dressing plant’s production reliability during adverse weather events.
1. DCS Central Control Platform
Real-time monitoring of 2000+ process parameters: By monitoring a large number of process parameters in real time, the production status of the ore dressing plant can be accurately understood, enabling timely detection and resolution of issues.
Grinding mill load fluctuation controlled within ±3%: Accurate control ensures stable mill operation, improves grinding efficiency, and reduces energy consumption.
Intelligent dosing system (X-ray fluorescence analyzer + fuzzy control): The precision of reagent dosage reaches ±2%. The intelligent dosing system adjusts reagent amounts based on ore properties and process requirements, improving flotation efficiency and reducing reagent costs.
2. Predictive Maintenance System
Vibration analyzer + infrared thermal imaging for 48-hour advance warning of equipment failure: Advanced monitoring equipment detects potential failures in advance, enabling timely maintenance, reducing downtime, and improving production efficiency.
Digital twin model simulates the effects of process adjustments: Trial and error costs are reduced by 70%. The digital twin model simulates process adjustments in a virtual environment, helping avoid the high costs and risks associated with large-scale trials in actual production.
1. In-depth Application of Frequency Conversion Technology
The power-saving rate of slurry pump frequency conversion transformation reaches 25% - 40%: The application of frequency conversion technology can accurately control the equipment’s operating speed, reducing energy consumption based on actual production needs.
Application case of permanent magnet motor in magnetic separator drive system: An annual electricity saving of 180,000 kWh. Permanent magnet motors, known for their high efficiency and energy-saving characteristics, can significantly reduce equipment energy consumption.
2. Construction of Waste Heat Recovery Network
The waste heat of the ball mill cylinder (80 - 120℃) is used for ore pre-drying, resulting in a 30% reduction in dryer energy consumption. By recovering waste heat from the ball mill for ore pre-drying, energy consumption in the dryer is reduced, and drying efficiency is improved.
Air compressor waste heat recovery for the bathing system: Annual coal cost savings of 60,000 US dollars. Waste heat recovery from air compressors helps save significant energy costs and improves overall energy utilization efficiency.
Conclusion
Through the system integration of the above six strategies, modern iron ore concentrators have achieved a remarkable transformation from "extensive production" to "precise control." According to recent data from the concentrators, the cost of concentrate can be controlled at US$24-35/ton for newly built concentrators with optimized designs, providing a practical technical path for economically viable iron ore concentrators.
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